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| Homology-directed repair ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Homology directed repair
Homology directed repair (HDR) is a mechanism in cells to repair double strand DNA lesions. The most common form of HDR is homologous recombination. The HDR repair mechanism can only be used by the cell when there is a homologue piece of DNA present in the nucleus, mostly in G2 and S phase of the cell cycle. When the homologue DNA piece is absent, another process called non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) can take place instead.
== Cancer suppression ==
HDR is important for suppressing the formation of cancer. HDR maintains the genomic stability by repairing the broken DNA strand, assumed error free because of the use of a template. When a double strand DNA lesion is repaired by NHEJ there is no validating DNA template present which may result in a non-original DNA strand formation with loss of information. A different nucleotide sequence in the DNA strand results in a different protein expressed in the cell. This protein may malfunction by which processes in the cell may fail. When, for example, a receptor of the cell that can receive a signal to stop dividing malfunctions, the cell ignores the signal and keeps dividing and can form a cancer. An example for the essence of HDR is the fact that the mechanism is conserved throughout evolution. The HDR mechanism has also been found in more simple organisms, like in yeast.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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